CQ Politics hits the streets of Washington before and after the State of the Union to ask locals about the speech. Astute political observers may recognize the men and women interviewed...

Every four years since 1908 students at Washington & Lee University in Lexington, VA, simulate the primary selection process for the party not in the White House. The exercise has proved stunningly accurate, predicting the eventual winner all but once in the past 60 years (in 1972 the delegates wrongly selected Edward Kennedy rather than George McGovern as the Democratic candidate). Who did they select this year? Watch the video to find out...

On Tuesday, former Tenn. Sen. and actor Fred Thompson announced he was dropping out of the presidential race.

Based on past theatrical performances, CQ Politics imagines what Thompson's announcement could have looked like.

Thousands of political ads are flooding South Carolina's airwaves in advance of Saturday's Republican primary.

CQ Politics imagines what an afternoon of channel surfing might be like.

The voters of New Hampshire handed Sen. Barack Obama a stunning defeat in the state's first in the nation primary. Obama supporters arrived at his rally in Nashua hopeful, but left dejected.

Nashua, N.H. -- At 10 p.m., you can hear change drop at Barack Obama's rally. The Obama fans who were chanting raucously earlier in the night and cheering every time results were shown on a scoreboard in the Nashua South High School gym are now silent, giving the event the feel of a roomy mausoleum. The only sounds are the whispers of reporters trying to figure out how to rewrite their pre-written copy for the morning newspapers.

Washington, D.C., mayor Adrian Fenty, an Obama backer, shrugged off the nervousness of the room. "When you're campaigning, you're always nervous," he said.

Nashua, N.H. -- The Nashua South High School gym was packed shortly after 8 p.m., with supporters watching the returns on an MSNBC broadcast fed to a gigantic screen in between red, white and blue "hope" signs in front of the scoreboard.

Obama seems unlikely to address the crowd before it is clear whether he has won or lost -- and by how much.
Obama supporters say they are getting anxious.

"He's going to win," said Obama backer Con (spelled right) O'Donnell.

"He's hopeful," said O'Donnell's wife, Regina Knowlton, who said she was getting nervous.

MANCHESTER, N.H. — A modest line for new registrants, most under 40, formed in the Ward 3 polling location here early Thursday evening, as election officials and activists reported heavy turnout.

Voters interviewed exiting the polls in this blue-collar area, just blocks from media encampments along Elm Street, tilted heavily Democratic.

But they split, sometimes within the same household, over Barack Obama and Hillary Rodham Clinton .

Mike and Carrie DeBlasi revealed their divergent votes: husband for Clinton and wife for Obama.

“It was a tough decision,” Mike DeBlasi said. If he had been asked a few weeks ago, he said, “I don’t think I would have hesitated.”

In the end, Clinton is “most ready,” he said.

Many Clinton supporters expressed admiration for Obama, a feeling that was not always reciprocated.

“She’s either loved or hated,” said Carol Andrews, a 47-year-old paralegal who voted for Clinton based in part on her stance on providing coverage for the uninsured.

Steven Hulett, a funeral director, picked Obama because of his “fresh approach.”

But at least one voter who typically sides with Democrats handed in a Republican ballot.

Alyssa Downey, 31, voted for Ron Paul because of his opposition to the Iraq war.

“The man I love is there for the second time around,” she said. For good measure, she wrote in Rep. Dennis Kucinich, who led Democratic criticism of the war before it started, for vice president.

CQPolitics traveled to some of the most picture-esque towns in the Granite state to ask voters about their picks.

New London, N.H. -- The enthusiasm for Barack Obama is palpable in this small town, as it is across the Granite State, among Democrats, independents and even many Republicans.

New London resident Nancy Malm, an independent and first-time activist, said she believes Obama will “listen to the other side” if he is elected president.

“Barack Obama is a compassionate man,” said Malm, who is in her seventies.

She said she would like to see a woman become president but not Hillary Rodham Clinton.

“I want to see the right woman as president,” she said. “I just innately, viscerally don’t mesh with Hillary.” Several Baby Boomer Obama supporters from Boston waved Obama signs at passing cars, eliciting a stream of honks and thumbs-up gestures from motorists.

Charlie Giles, 44, a former Navy pilot and Naval Academy graduate, held a John McCain sign at the town-hall balloting location just a stone’s throw from his house.

He pitched in for McCain during his fellow Annapolis graduate’s upset primary win over George W. Bush here in 2000.

“What you see is what you get,” Giles said, noting that he doesn’t always agree with McCain on policy. “The guy just radiates integrity.”

Giles said he might give Obama a look in the general election, depending on who the GOP nominee is. Candidates who don’t figure to win, place or show are also getting votes. David Bowen, 86, voted for Bill Richardson.

“My defining principle that I thought governed everything is that Bill Richardson has a great resume and is a great negotiator,” Bowen said of the former ambassador to the United Nations.

Warner, N.H. -- A steady stream of voters filtered into town hall here in this Frostian hamlet to cast ballots in the nation’s first presidential primary Tuesday morning.

Democratic candidates’ signs and election-day volunteers dominated the lawn, but there were also voters like Roy and Virginia Ferguson who showed up to cast their ballots on the Republican side for former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney.

“He’s not from the establishment,” said Virginia Ferguson, who made up her mind long ago. “It was a tough choice between Mitt Romney and John McCain,” her husband said. “I’m a little worried about McCain’s age.”

April Blood, 35, said she voted Democratic, for New York Sen. Hillary Clinton, in part because she knew her favorite candidate, Texas Rep. Ron Paul, would not win. Clinton, she said, would look out for her parents and her children, the youngest of whom was strapped to her back.

“My parents are at that age that I want to make sure there’s something going on for them,” she said. And for her kids, Clinton is best positioned to ensure there are available jobs “when they’re ready to work,” she said. First-time voter Matthias Nevins, 18, liked Illinois Sen. Barack Obama’s platform on the environment, health care and other issues. And then there was the rock star thing.

“I went to a rally last night,” he said. “The feel was uplifting.”

Voters said they will be relieved when their phones stop ringing incessantly, but they are fiercely proud and protective of the role they play in the primary process.

Jim Mitchell, owner of Main Street Book Ends, a popular stop for candidates, said the face-to-face contact voters have with candidates is invaluable.

“We really, truly enjoy this every four years,” he said.

Concord, N.H., Jan. 7 — It’s relatively quiet in the secretary of state’s second-floor Capitol office today. But come tomorrow, when a 25 percent increase over previous record turnout is expected, this modest suite full of political memorabilia will be buzzing with the business of ensuring a smooth election.

The office is equipped to handle a variety of Election Day challenges, according to Deputy Secretary of State David Scanlan, a former state House majority leader who sat down with CQ Politics on Monday. For example, if any of the 330 polling stations around the state run out of ballots, a courier will be dispatched to deliver new ballots.

“We are prepared for things that may go wrong tomorrow,” Scanlan said.

Secretary of State William Gardner is projecting a turnout of 500,000, up from the record of 396,000 set in 2000. Officials expect 260,000 Democratic ballots and 240,000 Republican ballots to be cast, a reflection in part of shifts of Republican voters to independent status and of independent voters toward Democratic candidates in recent elections. In addition, it’s the first contest since 1928 that neither party has had a sitting president or vice-president seeking the nomination.

“This turnout is more along the lines of a general election,” Scanlan said.

New Hampshire’s uniquely open voter registration system has already elicited complaints that prospective voters are listing political campaign headquarters as their home addresses.

Residents, no matter how long they have lived in the state, can sign up to vote at their polling place on the day of the election by proving their identity, their age, their citizenship and where they live. But in lieu of documents, they can sign affidavits — under penalty of voting-fraud prosecution if they lie — attesting to their own qualifications.

He’s sanguine about the possibility of tight races on both sides of the ballot, saying New Hampshire has plenty of experience with close elections. There are 400 members of the state House, making it the largest state legislative body in the country, and each represents fewer than 3,000 people.

Contested election results are a fact of life here, where Ralph Nader requested a recount after garnering less than 1 percent of the vote in the 2004 election. More commonly, state legislative races decided by narrow margins are retallied at a nominal cost to the candidate seeking the second count.

“This state conducts more recounts than any other state in the country,” Scanlan said.

But even disputed registrations cause little concern here.

“Those situations are dealt with at the local level,” Scanlan said.

The calmness belies what is sure to be a frenetic Election Day. But for now there is so little to worry about that the office will be closed when the first ballots are cast in Dixville Notch, a small town near the Canadian border, at 12:01 a.m.

NASHUA, N.H. — The voice that Fox News wouldn’t broadcast Sunday night came through loud and clear to the more than 400 Ron Paul fans who jammed into the Crowne Plaza hotel’s ballroom here Sunday afternoon to hear his alternative vision for America.

Paul, a Texas Republican in the House of Representatives and the closing speaker at the libertarian-oriented 2008 Liberty Forum, acknowledged that if elected president he might not be able to move as fast as some in the room might like.

If he could not immediately achieve the goal of abolishing the Federal Reserve, he said, he would seek to ensure that gold and silver could be used as currency. But he did pledge to immediately remove U.S. troops from Iraq and Afghanistan, Korea, Japan, Europe as well as other spots around the globe.

If elected, he said, “There’s nothing that says I have to enforce unconstitutional laws.”

The crowd, representing many of the outliers of the American political spectrum, waved placards and American flags as they repeatedly rose to their feet.

If nothing else, Paul’s backers, who include pro wrestler Glen Jacobs (aka “Kane”) and former Rep. Barry Goldwater Jr., are more overtly enthusiastic about their candidate than most political activists.

That energy could make Paul’s primary day performance here a compelling undercard for Tuesday’s marquee matchups of Democrats Barack Obama and Hillary Rodham Clinton and Republicans John McCain and Mitt Romney .

Paul is within striking distance of finishing third. He has been within one point of Rudy Giuliani in several recent polls and was four points behind Mike Huckabee, within the margin of error, in a poll released Sunday that the University of New Hampshire conducted for CNN and WMUR.

Several rivals took shots at Paul’s platform during a debate Saturday night, particularly his contention that the U.S. was attacked on Sept. 11, 2001, “because we invade their countries and occupy their countries.”

“Ron’s analysis is really seriously flawed,” former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani said. “There’s an Islamic, terrorism threat against us. It’s an existential threat. It has nothing to do with our foreign policy.” Thompson, who is in the low-single digits in New Hampshire polls, challenged Paul on monetary policy.

Fox News chose not to include Paul in its debate tonight, prompting the New Hampshire Republican Party to withdraw its support for the forum.

“It makes [Fox] look so foolish,” Paul said after his speech. “What do they have against democracy?”

But with $20 million banked in the last quarter of 2007, Paul hardly needs to finish well in New Hampshire to keep campaigning around the country. He has plenty of money to carry him through the primaries of Feb. 5, at which point voters in more than half the states will have cast their ballots.

“That’s probably a time for reassessment,” Paul said after his speech.

For now, Paul’s backers are focused on spreading his message before Tuesday’s vote.

Zara Miller, a 12-year-old from Chapel Hill, N.C., was fashioning homemade Paul signs. She won’t be able to vote in a presidential election until 2016, but she said she hopes she can influence others to cast their ballots for the Texas congressman.

Paul’s eclectic set of followers includes fellow critics of the Iraq war, civil libertarians, anti-communists, conspiracy theorists and many others who find little to attract them to Democratic and Republican candidates who are considered to be more mainstream.

Lars Christiansen, a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, came equipped with a dossier describing the rise of the “Illuminati” and the “New World Order,” part of a conspiracy theory that highly placed government officials, and in many iterations wealthy Jews, are involved in an effort to take away Americans’ money and independence and impose global socialism. Paul, too, has taken aim at the “New World Order.”

In a speech just before Paul arrived, John McManus, the president of the ultraconservative John Birch Society, held up a copy of Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto and asked, “Do you know what you can find in here?”

“Hillary Clinton,” shouted a woman in the crowd.

“You can find the income tax and the Federal Reserve here,” McManus answered.

Wearing a bolo tie with a state seal at the collar and a “Gun Owners 4 Paul” button, Christiansen said keeping Paul out of Sunday’s debate is not “the New Hampshire way. The airwaves don’t belong to the media,” he said.

But the afternoon belonged to Paul — even if his revolution won’t be broadcast.

CONCORD, N.H. — The NFL playoffs kicked off Saturday night, but at the Barley House, an upscale tavern across the street from the state Capitol, it seemed as if the only games worth watching were the back-to-back Republican and Democratic presidential debates.

Backers of Barack Obama and Hillary Rodham Clinton packed the bar and punctuated long, listening silences with bursts of applause for their respective candidates.

“This is very telling,” Gerard Dillon, one of the handful of Republicans in the joint, said during the Democratic debate. “It’s impressive that it’s on here. You’d expect the football games to be on.”

The games were showing in one corner of the bar’s basement, where about a dozen patrons huddled. Even some of them felt out of place.

“We want to be in there,” 36-year-old Mike Holt said of an adjacent room where about 60 debate-watchers gathered. “There’s no tables.”

Roughly 150 political junkies positioned around big-screen televisions on the bar’s two floors were affiliated with one campaign or another. Obama backers dominated the basement while a mix, including a large contingent of Clinton supporters and some devotees of John Edwards , seated themselves on the main floor.

Waiters and waitresses wore tavern T-shirts advertising “Campaign Trail Ale” and advising “It’s about the beer, stupid.”

But the beer flowed slowly when the candidates spoke, with transactions picking up only during commercial breaks.

Chet Whye, a veteran Democratic political activist from New York, talked about the momentum he believes Obama is building in New Hampshire, based in part on telephone calls he has made to voters.

“I have people finishing my pitch for me,” he said.

Still, Whye said he is bracing for the possibility of a nomination decided at the Democratic convention later this year.

“We need to be prepared for a convention where we have to outstrategize the best politician in the world — and that’s Bill Clinton,” he said.

One New Hampshire voter who is pulling for Clinton in the Democratic primary is Republican Alan Harkabus. Harkabus is voting for John McCain because of his party affiliation and because he says McCain needs his help in the GOP primary more than Clinton does in the Democratic race, but Harkabus was impressed with Clinton at a campaign stop earlier in the day.

“After listening to her today, I’d think seriously about voting for her,” he said — even if Clinton and McCain face off in November.

“She may be a more rounded candidate than he is,” said Harkabus, who spoke in a room filled with Obama volunteers.

For those working on the campaigns who didn’t get enough politics on Saturday, they’ll have another chance Sunday.

But for some of the out-of-towners, that could provide a tougher choice between football and politics.

“It’ll be hard tomorrow when the [New York] Giants are playing,” Whye said.

See all of the stories and videos of Jon Allen’s and Andrew Satter’s New Hampshire Trail Less Traveled

CONCORD, N.H. — Hope is a common theme in politics. Republican Mike Huckabee ’s campaign book is titled “From Hope to Higher Ground,” and Democrat Barack Obama declared to supporters, “We are choosing hope over fear” after winning the Iowa caucuses.

But neither of their messages, nor those of any of the other candidates for president, are resonating with diners at Hope House, a surprisingly warm and bright soup kitchen here in the shadow of the Merrimack County courthouse.

As presidential politics dominate the rest of New Hampshire, the less fortunate in the state capital talk about the politics of life while seated around tables covered with red and yellow tablecloths.

They have lots to say about sleeping in snow banks, employers who refuse to hire folks without addresses, jobs they feel they lost to illegal immigrants, foreign aid in the face of hardship at home, battles for veterans’ health benefits, and getting kicked out of state-sponsored housing when they turned 18.

Some of the people at Hope House suffer from mental illness or chemical dependency, while others are simply down on their luck.

Their frustrations are about policy and substance. But just as most of society has given up on them, so have they given up on politicians.

“I’m not voting for nobody,” Edward “Tex” Beloney, 23, drawled from underneath a mesh-backed John Deere tractor cap. “Nobody’s dealing with the real issues. So, [screw] it.”

The lack of an address would not preclude Beloney from voting if he so chose. Qualifications are loose in New Hampshire and one need only sign an affidavit saying one lives in the state.

For the past couple weeks, Beloney has been sleeping at the local congregational church, which opened its doors for the winter late last year. He smokes half a cigarette at a time because he doesn’t know when he will be able to buy another pack.

P.J. Mason, 24, wearing sunglasses atop his close-cropped brown hair, is perhaps a little better off than Beloney. He eats at the soup kitchen but has enough money to rent a place, which he now shares with Ashley, his girlfriend of a few days. Ashley, who declined to give her last name, said she was cast out of a state-operated home when she turned 18 last year.

“I can’t find any jobs,” she said.

“We have a number of people who were raised by the state,” said Hope Zanes Butterworth, the 71-year-old photographer who runs the kitchen and for whom it is named.

Hope House serves an average of 75 people per night and counts on about $3,500 per month in charitable contributions. There is no one to write grant requests for government assistance.

“You know what we get from the city and the state? We get the health inspector. We don’t get money,” Butterworth said.

Concord’s mayor came to the house’s opening. Democratic presidential candidate John Edwards inquired about visiting, but the trip didn’t pan out.

“I don’t think we’ve ever had one come,” Butterworth said of the presidential candidates who swarm into the Granite State every four years.

Mason wants to see health coverage for the uninsured, but he is skeptical of campaign promises to provide it. “They can say it, but I want to see it done.”

He also favors an increase in the minimum wage — to no less than $9.50 an hour — unfettered gun rights, a crackdown on illegal immigration and a reduction in federal spending abroad.

“Help us first,” Mason said. “Then we’ll help other people.”

Several of the diners blame the influx of undocumented workers for their troubles in finding and keeping jobs.

“I’ve lost five jobs to immigration,” Beloney said.

Chris Jackson, 28, said he spent three years in the Army stationed at Fort Drum. Now he has a bum knee — the result of an anterior cruciate ligament tear after his service — and can’t get the coverage from the Veterans Administration that he feels he deserves.

“I’ve been fighting with the VA for the last four years,” he said.

He has worked in pet food supplies, auto shops and, like several others at the soup kitchen, for the city’s short-term employment agency.

With the money he makes in a temporary job putting together furniture for schools, he said, he’s “lucky to be able to get to a burger joint and get a burger.”

Though many of the candidates are talking about some of the same issues, folks at Hope House say there would be more action if the political leaders campaigning around New Hampshire this week had a better appreciation for their experiences.

“I’d like to put some of these candidates in a bag in a snow bank for two weeks,” Mason said.

They say the would be more likely to vote if they believed a candidate was serious about addressing homelessness.

But not everyone at Hope House is so disillusioned with the candidates. The soup kitchen’s namesake is pulling for Obama, whether or not he shows up to shake hands.

“I think he’s fresh. I think he’s sincere. I think he’s loved by the rest of the world,” Butterworth said.

Bill Richardson came in fourth place in Iowa with just 2 percent of the vote. Many believe he needs to come in 3rd in New Hampshire to keep his campaign alive. Richardson spent an hour shaking hands at a bowling alley in Nashua, New Hampshire, on a Friday night.

Concord N.H. -- Thin, glossy, full-color political advertisements blanket the tables and floors of New Hampshire homes like snow covers the lawns outside.

A batch of one candidate’s ads on a single day can stack at least as high as seven-and-a-half feet at the post office here, with 100 copies jammed into every inch.

The mailers foil automatic processors, forcing postal employees to sort them by hand.

"They’re very thin and shiny, and our machines can’t handle them," said Shawn Patton, the officer in charge of the Concord post office. That leads to a heavier workload and more overtime for handlers and carriers.

For many New Hampshire residents, it means, six, eight, even a dozen pieces of direct mail a day coming to their homes.

And the U.S. mail accounts for just a slice of the barrage of spiels and solicitations Granite State voters are subjected to on a daily, hourly and sometimes minute-by-minute basis as the nation’s first primary, now four days away, approaches.

Television ads -- Republican and Democratic, positive and negative, issue-oriented and character-based -- are lined up one behind the other, with two, three or four runnning consecutively during commercial breaks around the clock.

At times, ads for Mitt Romney, John Edwards, Hillary Rodham Clinton, John McCain, Barack Obama, Mike Huckabee and Ron Paul seem to be the only spots on television. Even Joseph R. Biden Jr., who dropped out of the Democratic contest late Thursday night after a poor showing in the Iowa caucuses, still had ads running in Concord on Friday.

The hum-drum of the monotonous political advertising beat has given rise to new forms of entertainment here.

"We’re almost playing games. You try to guess the right three people who are going to have their ads" run during a commercial break, said a 29-year-old chiropractor who gave his first name as Paul but declined to give his last name.

The phone calls are incessant. They come from campaign phone-bank callers wanting to know if potential voters are still undecided, from surrogates endorsing candidates and, of course, from outside groups pushing positive or negative messages intended to sway voters. The New Hampshire attorney general is currently probing the particulars of an anti-Mormon "push" poll that has the John McCain and Mitt Romney campaigns trading barbs over who is responsible for it.

Many New Hampshire residents say that when the phone rings, they wonder which campaign will be on the other end of the line -- at least those who don’t just hang up immediately.

Charles Elliot, a McCain volunteer from North Alabama, stops dialing numbers at the same time every night. "At about 8:30, people get sick of answering," he said. If not earlier.

Dana Mercier, 36, has avoided the phone-bankers because he is on the other side of campaigning’s digital divide.

"I don’t have a land line," the Laconia resident explained.

But even people who don’t get mailers, don’t use land lines and don’t watch the television ads, can find that the front door remains a point of entry for campaigners.

Katie Vincent, 27, had just moved into her home in Manchester when a campaign volunteer stopped by.

"It was the first knock at our door," Vincent said in an alley outside the Strange Brew Tavern.

Vincent couldn’t even remember the name of the candidate whose surrogate showed up on her doorstep. But her boyfriend, Adam Jackson, said the aide worked for Rep. Dennis Kucinich, D-Ohio.

Patton says most New Hampshire residents understand that it is all part of democratic process, and the increased load at the post office is no different: "In the interest of our country, we do it with pleasure."

Nonetheless, he said, "We’re glad when it’s over."

Just four more days.

Jonathan Allen and Andrew Satter spent the day viewing the Iowa Caucuses through the lens of New Hampshire.

MANCHESTER, N.H. — When Mitt Romney stumbled in Iowa on Thursday night, John McCain was already at the next stop in New Hampshire and lost no time in kicking a chief opponent when he was down with this state’s crucial primary just five days away.

Without ever directly naming the former Massachusetts governor, but leaving little doubt of whom he was speaking, McCain told reporters, television audiences and New Hampshire campaign workers that former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee won in Iowa for two reasons.

“I think that the lesson of this election in Iowa is that, one, you can’t buy an election in Iowa; and, two, that negative campaigns don’t work,” he said. “They don’t work there, and they don’t work here in New Hampshire. They’re not going to work.” Appearing intent on damning Romney by giving faint praise for Huckabee, he said, the former Arkansas governor ran “a very good, strong, positive campaign.”

McCain’s choice of target reflects his much-improved position heading into the New Hampshire primary, although that improvement has made him competitive again with Romney and not a clear frontrunner.

After many observers had left his campaign for dead last year, McCain has rebounded by overtaking Romney in recent New Hampshire polling. But he is also battling Barack Obama for the votes of political independents, who can choose a Republican or Democratic ballot in the Granite State.

Connecticut Sen. Joe Lieberman, an independent who caucuses with Democrats, shares many of McCain’s views on the war in Iraq and has endorsed McCain, joined him on the campaign trail.

But McCain was clearly being careful to avoid the kind of direct attack on Romney that could alienate voters who do not affiliate with a party and push them into the Democratic primary. McCain’s lead is thin enough that he can take nothing for granted.

Romney’s second-place finish Thursday night was clearly taken as a good sign by McCain’s aides, who celebrated with Budweiser and Bud Light in the campaign headquarters before it was clear whether McCain would finish third or fourth in Iowa. (McCain’s wife, Cindy, is chairwoman of a Budweiser distribution company).

Romney portrayed himself as a medalist who is in position to win the “gold” in the overall presidential race.

“You win the silver in one event, it doesn’t mean you’re not going to come back and win the gold in the final event, and that we’re going to do,” Romney said in Iowa. Though the second-place finish was a clear blow to his campaign, he noted that he finished ahead of McCain, former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani and former Tennessee Sen. Fred Thompson .

At his press conference here, McCain said that Huckabee “ran a largely positive campaign that should be a lesson to all of us here.”

But he predicted he would come out on top in New Hampshire.

“I’m very confident of victory,” he said.

While Iowans caucus on Thursday, CQ Politics reporter Jonathan Allen and multimedia guru Andrew Satter will arrive in New Hampshire to begin reporting on The Trail Less Traveled, text and video spots from off the beaten path.

Check for the first postings Thursday night, and keep following Jon and Andrew as they explore New Hampshire politics from the ground up.